Crushed Glass and Oil Extracted from Palm Oil Sludge as Primary Materials in the Production of Hydrophobic Sand for Capillary Barrier Applications

Hydrophobic-coated sand causes a reduction in infiltration, making it suitable for hydrophobic capillary barriers. Borosilicate glass waste was crushed into synthetic 180 µm average, and fatty acids (PFA) were extracted from palm oil sludge. The coated with PFA using mixing (POS-M) solvent-assisted (POS-S) methods stearic-acid-coated (SA) as standard at concentrations varying 1 to 16 g/kg. Contact angle measurements undertaken by applying the sessile drop method. water holding capacity of POS-M SA determined, hydraulic conductivity curves estimated van Genuchten model. Finally, qualitative assessment POS-M’s effectiveness barrier performed set micro-tensiometers. Maximum contact angles POS-M, POS-S, 119.73°, 118.83°, 107.48°, respectively, saturated hydrophobized sands showed an exponential change minus 2. Saturated conditions above unsaturated underneath observed. In conclusion, results indicate that zero-waste approach applied through reuse solid production can be management alternative used applications.